PHP 之通过 PDO 操作 MySQL 数据库
PDO 介绍
PDO (PHP Data Objects) 提供了 PHP 操作多种数据库的统一的接口。
PDO 特点
编码的一致性
由于 PHP 可用的各种数据库扩展是由不同发行者编写的,所以尽管所有的扩展都提供了基本相同的特性,却不 满 足编码的一致性。PDO 消除了这种不一致,提供了可用于各种数据库的单一接口;
灵活性
因为 PDO 在运行时加载必须的数据库驱动程序,所以不需要在每次使用不同数据库时重新配置和重新编译 PHP。例如,如果数据库需要从 SQL 切换到 MySQL,只需要加载 PDO_MYSQL 驱动程序就可以了。
- 面向对象特性
PDO 利用 PHP5 的面向对象特性,可以获得更强大、更高效的数据库通信。
- 高性能
PDO 是用 C 编写的,编译为 PHP,与用 PHP 编写的其他解决方案相比,虽然其他都相同,但提供了更高的性能。
PDO 安装
For 安装详细信息,请查看: http://php.net/manual/en/pdo.installation.php
可以通过 phpinfo () 查看是否安装成功:
连接 MySQL
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
try {
$conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$servername;", $username, $password);
echo "连接成功";
}
catch(PDOException $e)
{
echo $e->getMessage();
}
?>
关闭连接
连接在脚本执行完后会自动关闭。你也可以使用以下代码来关闭连接:
$conn = null;
创建数据库
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
try {
$conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$servername", $username, $password);
// 设置 PDO 错误模式为异常
$conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
$sql = "CREATE DATABASE myDBPDO";
// 使用 exec() ,因为没有结果返回
$conn->exec($sql);
echo "数据库创建成功<br>";
}
catch(PDOException $e)
{
echo $sql . "<br>" . $e->getMessage();
}
$conn = null;
?>
创建 MySQL 表
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDBPDO";
try {
$conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$servername;dbname=$dbname", $username, $password);
// 设置 PDO 错误模式,用于抛出异常
$conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
// 使用 sql 创建数据表
$sql = "CREATE TABLE MyGuests (
id INT(6) UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
firstname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
lastname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(50),
reg_date TIMESTAMP
)";
// 使用 exec() ,没有结果返回
$conn->exec($sql);
echo "数据表 MyGuests 创建成功";
}
catch(PDOException $e)
{
echo $sql . "<br>" . $e->getMessage();
}
$conn = null;
?>
插入数据
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDBPDO";
try {
$conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$servername;dbname=$dbname", $username, $password);
// 设置 PDO 错误模式,用于抛出异常
$conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
$sql = "INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname, lastname, email)
VALUES ('John', 'Doe', 'john@example.com')";
// 使用 exec() ,没有结果返回
$conn->exec($sql);
echo "新记录插入成功";
}
catch(PDOException $e)
{
echo $sql . "<br>" . $e->getMessage();
}
$conn = null;
?>
插入多条数据
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDBPDO";
try {
$conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$servername;dbname=$dbname", $username, $password);
// set the PDO error mode to exception
$conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
// 开始事务
$conn->beginTransaction();
// SQL 语句
$conn->exec("INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname, lastname, email)
VALUES ('John', 'Doe', 'john@example.com')");
$conn->exec("INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname, lastname, email)
VALUES ('Mary', 'Moe', 'mary@example.com')");
$conn->exec("INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname, lastname, email)
VALUES ('Julie', 'Dooley', 'julie@example.com')");
// 提交事务
$conn->commit();
echo "新记录插入成功";
}
catch(PDOException $e)
{
// 如果执行失败回滚
$conn->rollback();
echo $sql . "<br>" . $e->getMessage();
}
$conn = null;
?>
使用预处理语句
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDBPDO";
try {
$conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$servername;dbname=$dbname", $username, $password);
// 设置 PDO 错误模式为异常
$conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
// 预处理 SQL 并绑定参数
$stmt = $conn->prepare("INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname, lastname, email)
VALUES (:firstname, :lastname, :email)");
$stmt->bindParam(':firstname', $firstname);
$stmt->bindParam(':lastname', $lastname);
$stmt->bindParam(':email', $email);
// 插入行
$firstname = "John";
$lastname = "Doe";
$email = "john@example.com";
$stmt->execute();
// 插入其他行
$firstname = "Mary";
$lastname = "Moe";
$email = "mary@example.com";
$stmt->execute();
// 插入其他行
$firstname = "Julie";
$lastname = "Dooley";
$email = "julie@example.com";
$stmt->execute();
echo "新记录插入成功";
}
catch(PDOException $e)
{
echo "Error: " . $e->getMessage();
}
$conn = null;
?>
查询读取数据
<?php
echo "<table style='border: solid 1px black;'>";
echo "<tr><th>Id</th><th>Firstname</th><th>Lastname</th></tr>";
class TableRows extends RecursiveIteratorIterator {
function __construct($it) {
parent::__construct($it, self::LEAVES_ONLY);
}
function current() {
return "<td style='width:150px;border:1px solid black;'>" . parent::current(). "</td>";
}
function beginChildren() {
echo "<tr>";
}
function endChildren() {
echo "</tr>" . "\n";
}
}
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDBPDO";
try {
$conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$servername;dbname=$dbname", $username, $password);
$conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
$stmt = $conn->prepare("SELECT id, firstname, lastname FROM MyGuests");
$stmt->execute();
// 设置结果集为关联数组
$result = $stmt->setFetchMode(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
foreach(new TableRows(new RecursiveArrayIterator($stmt->fetchAll())) as $k=>$v) {
echo $v;
}
}
catch(PDOException $e) {
echo "Error: " . $e->getMessage();
}
$conn = null;
echo "</table>";
?>
结果如下:
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